Jan
History and Traditions of the Ancient Bahmanagan Festival
Throughout our country’s history, there have been many festivals, traditions, and rituals, each reflecting the culture and beliefs of our ancestors. One of these festivals is Bahmanagan, also known as “Bahmanjeh,” which is celebrated on the second day of the eleventh month of the year. This ancient festival holds a special place in our traditions. In this article, we will explore the history and customs of Bahmanagan and see what significance this day holds in our culture.
The History of Bahmanagan Festival
The word “Bahman” comes from the Avestan language, derived from “Vohuman,” meaning good thoughts, good character, and sacred wisdom. In ancient beliefs, the eleventh month of the year, as well as its second day, was known as Vohuman.
In fact, in the Avesta, paradise is described as the dwelling place of Vohuman. For this reason, people celebrated this day in honor of Vohuman, one of the divine archangels (Amesha Spenta).
Bahmanagan is a celebration of good thoughts and sacred wisdom. It was held to honor Vohuman, who symbolized wisdom, good behavior, and the protection of animals. One of the key rituals of this festival was the prohibition of killing animals or consuming meat. Some Zoroastrians even continued this practice until the end of the month of Bahman.
Customs and Traditions of Bahmanagan Festival
- Avoiding Hunting and Eating Meat
One of the most important traditions of Bahmanagan was the prohibition of animal slaughter. This practice was a sign of respect for animals and nature, originating from the thoughtful beliefs of ancient peoples. As mentioned, Vohuman was recognized as the protector of animals, and Bahmanagan was an opportunity for people to honor these values. For this reason, people refrained from killing animals or consuming meat on this day. Some even adhered to this practice until the end of Bahman month.
- Wearing White Clothes
Many ancient festivals had specific colors and attire, and Bahmanagan was no exception. Wearing white clothes was another important custom of the festival. White symbolized purity and good thoughts, and people would wear clean, white clothes to welcome this day. Additionally, the rooster and jasmine flowers were symbols of the Bahmanagan festival.
- Setting Large Feasts
During Bahmanagan, people would spread large tables, decorated with healthy and nourishing foods. One beautiful feature of this festival was that the poor and needy were invited to join the feast, ensuring they too could enjoy the blessings. Sharing food and beverages in a communal setting, with people from all social classes coming together, was one of the most beautiful traditions of this day.
The Philosophy and Message of Bahmanagan Festival
Like many other festivals, Bahmanagan carries a profound philosophy centered around gratitude, kindness, and good thoughts. This festival was not only an opportunity to honor divine blessings but also a way to encourage helping the less fortunate and strengthen the sense of empathy in society.
- Gratitude for Blessings: During Bahmanagan, people expressed their gratitude to Ahura Mazda for their blessings by giving gifts and refraining from animal sacrifices. This act symbolized appreciation and the bond between humans and nature, reminding people to recognize the importance of all creatures in the natural world.
- Supporting the Needy: A beautiful tradition of Bahmanagan was inviting the needy to join the celebrations. This custom highlighted the importance of compassion and social solidarity in our culture, showing that class differences did not prevent people from coming together.
Bahmanagan in Persian Literature
The day of Bahmanagan holds a special place in Persian literature, with great poets like Manuchehri Damghani referencing it in their works. In one of his poems, Manuchehri writes:
“ Celebrate Bahmangan and renew your commitment to it,
O tree of the kingdom, rise with your noble trunk high! ”
This verse highlights the significance and place of Bahmanagan in our culture and history.
The Importance of Ancient Festivals in Today’s World
Today, as many things in our world change and various events and customs are affected by the rapid pace of technological progress, revisiting and reviving ancient festivals like Bahmanagan can play a crucial role in preserving our cultural identity. These festivals offer an opportunity for younger generations to become familiar with ancient values and beliefs, and strengthen the connection to our past and old traditions.
In Conclusion:
Bahmanagan, the festival of good thoughts and sacred wisdom, symbolizes respect for nature, support for animals, and gratitude for divine blessings. With its unique rituals and customs, this ancient festival holds a special place in our history and culture. Recognizing and reviving such festivals can remind us of how our ancestors lived in harmony with nature and human values, and did not consider themselves the sole owners of the earth. Let’s preserve these valuable traditions, keeping our rich culture alive and passing it on to future generations.
Author: Zahra Barani
